Mary Edmonia Lewi,Celebrating Edmonia Lewis

Mary Edmonia Lewi,Celebrating Edmonia Lewis

Mary Edmonia Lewi,Celebrating Edmonia Lewis

Mary Edmonia Lewi

Celebrating Edmonia Lewis

Mary Edmonia Lewis (ca. July 4, 1844 – September 17, 1907) was an American sculptor who worked for most of her career in Rome, Italy. She is the first woman of African-American and Native American heritage to achieve international fame and recognition as a sculptor in the fine arts world. Her work is known for incorporating themes relating to black and American Indian people into Neoclassical style sculpture. She emerged during the crisis-filled days of the Civil War, and by the end of the 19th century, she was the only black woman who had participated in and been recognized to any degree by the American artistic mainstream. In 2002, the scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Edmonia Lewis on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans. Edmonia Lewis's birth date has been listed as July 4, 1844. She was born in Greenbush, New York, which is now the city of Rensselaer. Her father was an Afro-Haitian, while her mother was of Mississauga Ojibwe and African-American descent. Lewis's mother was known as an excellent weaver and craftswoman, while her father was a gentleman's servant. Her family background inspired Lewis in her later work. By the time Lewis reached the age of nine, both of her parents had died. Her two maternal aunts adopted Lewis and her older brother Samuel, who was born in 1832. The children remained with their aunts near Niagara Falls for approximately the next four years. Lewis and her aunts sold Ojibwe baskets and other souvenirs, such as moccasins and blouses, to tourists visiting Niagara Falls, Toronto, and Buffalo. During this time, Lewis went by her Native American name, Wildfire, while her brother was called Sunshine.[citation needed] In 1852 Samuel left for California, leaving Lewis in the care of a Captain S. R. Mills, although Samuel continually provided money for her board and education. Later, in 1856, Lewis enrolled at New York Central College, McGrawville, a Baptist abolitionist school. During her summer term there in 1858, Lewis took classes in the Primary Department in order to prepare for courses she would later take in collegiate programs. In a later interview, Lewis claimed after three years at the school, she left when she was "declared to be wild." In 1859 when Lewis was about 15 years old, her brother Samuel and abolitionists sent her to Oberlin College, where she changed her name to Mary Edmonia Lewis. At the time, Oberlin College was one of the first higher learning institutions in the United States to admit women and people of differing ethnicities. Lewis's decision to attend Oberlin was one that would significantly change her life, as that is where she began her art studies. Lewis boarded with Reverend John Keep and his wife from 1859 until she left the college in 1863. Reverend Keep was white and a member of the board of trustees, but was also an avid abolitionist and spokesperson for coeducation. During the 1859-60 school year, Lewis enrolled in the Young Ladies' Preparatory Department, which was designed "to give Young Ladies facilities for the thorough mental discipline, and the special training which will qualify them for teaching and other duties of their sphere." During winter of 1862, several months after the start of the Civil War, Edmonia Lewis was attending Oberlin College when an incident occurred between her and two classmates, Maria Miles and Christina Ennes. The three women, who boarded in the home of Oberlin trustee John Keep, planned to go sleigh riding with some young men later that day. Before the sleighing, Lewis served her friends a drink of spiced wine. Shortly after, Miles and Ennes fell severely ill. Doctors examined them and concluded that the two women had some sort of poison in their system, apparently cantharides, a reputed aphrodisiac. For a time it was not certain that they would survive. Days later, it became apparent that the two women would recover from the incident, and, because of their recovery, the authorities initially took no action. The controversial incident rapidly spread throughout Ohio. The townspeople of Oberlin did not hold the same progressive views of the college. Prior to her six-day long trial, anti-abolitionist vigilantes physically assaulted Lewis. While she was walking home alone one night, she was dragged into an open field by unknown assailants and badly beaten. Those responsible for her injuries were never found. Due to the attack, local authorities arrested Lewis, charging her with poisoning her friends. The college defended their student throughout the trial. John Mercer Langston, an Oberlin College alumnus, and the only practicing African-American lawyer in Oberlin, represented Lewis during her trial. Although most witnesses spoke against her and she did not testify, the jury acquitted her of the charges. Mary Edmonia Lewi

Fred Korematsu,Fred Korematsu's 98th Birthday

Fred Korematsu,Fred Korematsu's 98th Birthday

Fred Korematsu,Fred Korematsu's 98th Birthday

Fred Korematsu

Fred Korematsu's 98th Birthday

Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu was one of the many Japanese-American citizens living on the West Coast of the United States at the onset of World War II. Born: January 30, 1919, Oakland, CA Died: March 30, 2005, Marin County, California, CA Spouse: Kathryn Pearson (m. 1946–2005) Education: Castlemont Community of Small Schools Parents: Kotsui Aoki, Kakusaburo Korematsu Children: Karen Korematsu Today Google’s US homepage is celebrating Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu, civil rights activist and survivor of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. January 30th, 2017 would have been his 98th birthday and is officially recognized as Fred Korematsu Day in California, Hawaii, Virginia and Florida. A son of Japanese immigrant parents, Korematsu was born and raised in Oakland, California. After the U.S. entered WWII, he tried to enlist in the U.S. National Guard and Coast Guard, but was turned away due to his ethnicity. He was 22 years old and working as a foreman in his hometown when Executive Order 9066 was signed in 1942 by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The order sent more than 115,000 people of Japanese descent living in the United States to incarceration. Rather than voluntarily relocate to an internment camp, Korematsu went into hiding. He was arrested in 1942 and despite the help of organizations like ACLU, his conviction was upheld in the landmark Supreme Court case of Korematsu v. United States. Consequently, he and his family were sent to the the Central Utah War Relocation Center at Topaz, Utah until the end of WWII in 1945. It wasn’t until 1976 that President Gerald Ford formally ended Executive Order 9066 and apologized for the internment, stating "We now know what we should have known then — not only was that evacuation wrong but Japanese-Americans were and are loyal Americans.” Fred Korematsu’s conviction was overturned in 1983 after evidence came to light that disputed the necessity of the internment. Five years later President Ronald Reagan signed the The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 citing "racial prejudice, wartime hysteria and a lack of political leadership" as the central motivation for Japanese internment. In 1998, President Bill Clinton awarded Korematsu with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the country’s most distinguished civilian award. Fred Korematsu can be remembered fighting for civil rights and against prejudice throughout his life, famously saying: "If you have the feeling that something is wrong, don't be afraid to speak up." The doodle by artist Sophie Diao–herself a child of Asian immigrants–features a patriotic portrait of Korematsu wearing his Presidential Medal of Freedom, a scene of the internment camps to his back, surrounded by cherry blossoms, flowers that have come to be symbols of peace and friendship between the US and Japan.

Bessie Coleman,Bessie Coleman’s 125th Birthday

Bessie Coleman,Bessie Coleman’s 125th Birthday

Bessie Coleman,Bessie Coleman’s 125th Birthday

Bessie Coleman

Bessie Coleman’s 125th Birthday

Bessie Coleman (January 26, 1892 – April 30, 1926) was an American civil aviator. She was the first female pilot of African American descent and was also the first woman of Native American descent to hold a pilot license. She is also the first person of African American and Native American descent to hold an international pilot license.

Coleman was born on January 26, 1892, in Atlanta, Texas, the tenth of thirteen children to sharecroppers George, who was part Cherokee, and Susan Coleman, who was African-American.

When Coleman was two years old, her family moved to Waxahachie, Texas, where she lived until age 23. Coleman began attending school in Waxahachie at age six and had to walk four miles each day to her segregated, one-room school where she loved to read and established herself as an outstanding math student. She completed all eight grades of her one-room school. Every year, Coleman's routine of school, chores, and church was interrupted by the cotton harvest. In 1901, Coleman's life took a dramatic turn: George Coleman left his family. He returned to Oklahoma, or Indian Territory as it was then called, to find better opportunities, but Susan and the children did not go with the father. At age 12, Bessie was accepted into the Missionary Baptist Church. When she turned eighteen, she took her savings and enrolled in the Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University (now called Langston University) in Langston, Oklahoma. She completed one term before her money ran out, and she returned home.

In 1916 at the age of 23, she moved to Chicago, Illinois, where she lived with her brothers. In Chicago, she worked as a manicurist at the White Sox Barber Shop where she heard stories from pilots returning home from World War I about flying during the war. She took a second job at a chili parlor to procure money faster to become a pilot. American flight schools admitted neither women nor blacks, and no black U.S. aviator would train her. Robert S. Abbott, founder and publisher of the Chicago Defender, encouraged her to study abroad.[8] Coleman received financial backing from banker Jesse Binga and the Defender.

Bessie Coleman didn’t just chase her dreams – she soared after them.

Born in Texas to a family of 13 children, Coleman walked four miles each day to her segregated, one-room school. She was a proficient reader and excelled in math, and managed to balance her studies while helping her parents harvest cotton. Even from an early age, she had her sights set on something big.

At age 23, Coleman moved to Chicago where she worked two jobs in an effort to save enough money to enroll in aviation school. After working for five years, she moved to Paris to study, as no school in America would admit her due to her race and gender. Just a year later, Coleman became the first female pilot of African-American and Native American descent, and the first to earn an international aviation license from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.

In order to earn a living, Coleman made a plan to become a stunt pilot and perform for paying audiences. However, she was again denied enrollment in a stunt training program in the US, and in 1922, traveled to Europe where she completed her training in France and Germany.

Returning to the US, Coleman excelled at exhibition flying, performing complex stunts in flight for packed audiences. It was during this time that she acquired the nickname “Queen Bessie.” She was an adept, daring, and beloved pilot, until her untimely death at the age of 34.

Although Coleman didn’t live to fulfill her ultimate dream of starting an aviation school to train people of color, she inspired a generation. As Lieutenant William J. Powell writes, "Because of Bessie Coleman, we have overcome that which was worse than racial barriers. We have overcome the barriers within ourselves and dared to dream.”

Today’s Doodle honors Coleman on what would be her 125th birthday.

בסי קולמן,יום הולדת 125 לבסי קולמן

בסי קולמן,יום הולדת 125 לבסי קולמן

בסי קולמן,יום הולדת 125 לבסי קולמן

בסי קולמן

יום הולדת 125 לבסי קולמן

בסי קולמן הייתה טייסת אינדיאנית-אפרו-אמריקאית. קולמן הייתה האישה השחורה הראשונה והאישה האינדיאנית הראשונה להחזיק ברישיון טייס, וכן הייתה האפרו-אמריקאית הראשונה והאינדיאנית הראשונה להחזיק ברישיון טייס בינלאומי. נהרגה בהתרסקות מטוס בגיל 34

תאריך לידה: 26 בינואר 1892, אטלנטה, טקסס, ארצות הברית

תאריך פטירה: 30 באפריל 1926, ג'קסונוויל, פלורידה, ארצות הברית

השכלה: Langston University (1910–1910)

אחים ואחיות: אלויס קולמן פטרסון, Georgia Coleman, Walter Coleman, נילוס קולמן, John Coleman

הורים: George Coleman, Susan Coleman

בסי קולמן (באנגלית: Elizabeth Bessie Coleman ‏; 26 בינואר 1892, טקסס ארצות הברית - 30 באפריל 1926, ג'קסונוויל, פלורידה, ארצות הברית) הייתה טייסת אינדיאנית-אפרו-אמריקאית. קולמן הייתה האישה השחורה הראשונה והאישה האינדיאנית הראשונה להחזיק ברישיון טייס (אנ'), וכן הייתה האפרו-אמריקאית הראשונה (מכל המגדרים) והאינדיאנית הראשונה (מכל המגדרים) להחזיק ברישיון טייס בינלאומי. נהרגה בהתרסקות מטוס בגיל 34.

קולמן נולדה באטלנטה, טקסס שבארצות הברית למשפחה ענייה. הבת העשירית מבין 13 ילדים לג'ורג' קולמן שהיה חצי צ'רוקי וחצי אפרו-אמריקאי ולסוזן קולמן שהייתה אפרו-אמריקאית. כשהייתה בת שנתיים, משפחה עברה ל וואקסהאצ'י (אנ') שבטקסס – שם התגוררה עד גיל 23. בתקופת שהותה בבית הוריה, עבדה ככובסת וקטפה כותנה. את לימודיה החלה בגיל 6, ובכל יום נאלצה ללכת ברגל לבית הספר שנמצא במרחק 6.5 קילומטרים מביתה. בית הספר פעל לפי המדיניות של הפרדה גזעית והיה בו רק חדר לימוד אחד. במסגרת לימודיה, למדה קולמן לקרוא והצטיינה בלימודי מתמטיקה. לאמה סוזן היה חשוב להנחיל לבסי ולאחיה חינוך וערכים של גאווה שחורה, והיא דאגה שהם יכירו דמויות היסטוריות אפרו-אמריקאיות חשובות כמו הארייט טאבמן ובוקר טי. וושינגטון.

בשנת 1901, בהיותה בת תשע, אביה עזב את המשפחה, ואמה נותרה לגדל לבד את כל 13 הילדים. בגיל 12, התקבלה קולמן לכנסייה בפטיסטית מיסיונרית. קולמן עבדה ככובסת ובכסף שחסכה, נרשמה בשנת 1910, בהיותה בת 18, לאוניברסיטת לנגסטון (אנ') שבזמנו הייתה מופרדת גזעית ונקראה Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University. היא הצליחה לסיים סמסטר אחד עד שכספה אזל ואז שבה לביתה ועבדה שוב ככובסת.

בשנת 1915, בהיותה בת 23, קולמן עברה לשיקגו בה התגוררה עם אחיה הגדולים וולטר וגו'ן. בשיקגו עבדה כמניקוריסטית (Nail technician) במספרה ובה שמעה סיפורים על טייסים שחזרו ממלחמת העולם הראשונה. בזמן מלחמת העולם הראשונה, וולטר וג'ון שירתו בצבא הבריטי בצרפת. ג'ון התגרה באחותו בסי כשסיפר לה כי בצרפת מצבן של הנשים הרבה יותר טוב ממצבן של הנשים האפרו-אמריקאיות וכי בצרפת ישנן נשים טייסות. היא החליטה שהיא רוצה להיות טייסת והחלה לעבוד בעבודה נוספת כמלצרית כדי לחסוך כסף להגשמת מטרתה.

קולמן סבלה גם מיחס גזעני וגם מיחס סקסיסטי כאשר בתי ספר לטיסה (Flight training) בארצות הברית סירבו לקבל אל שורותיהם נשים או שחורים, ואף טייס אמריקאי שחור לא הסכים לאמן אותה. רוברט אבוט (Robert S. Abbott) המו"ל של העיתון 'The Chicago Defender' (אנ') הוקסם מהרעיון של טייסת שחורה ועודד אותה ללמוד טיסה בחו"ל. בתמיכתם הכספית של אבוט ושל איש העסקים ג'סי בינגה (Jesse Binga), קולמן החלה ללמוד צרפתית בברליץ בשיקגו, וב-20 בנובמבר 1920 הפליגה מניו יורק לפריז שבצרפת על מנת ללמוד תעופה. בית הספר לטיסה הראשון אליו פנתה סירב לקבל אותה משום ששתי סטודנטיות מתו בתאונת מטוס. היא הצליחה להתקבל לבית הספר לטיסה 'École de pilotage Caudron du Crotoy' (צר') (בו למדה גם אדריאן בולאנד) והתאמנה על מטוס ניופורט (אנ') מדגם 82 biplane. קולמן צעדה בכל יום 14.5 קילומטר ממקום מגוריה לבית הספר לטיסה, ודבקה בלימודיה על אף שראתה את חברה ללימודים נפצע קשה בתאונת אימונים (תחום התעופה היה רווי סכנות ואבדות בנפש באותה התקופה). ב-15 ביוני 1921, הפכה קולמן לאישה השחורה הראשונה ולאישה האינדיאנית הראשונה להחזיק ברישיון טייס, וכן לאפרו-אמריקאית הראשונה (מכל המגדרים) ולהאינדיאנית הראשונה (מכל המגדרים) להחזיק ברישיון טייס בינלאומי מטעם הפדרציה הבינלאומית לאווירונאוטיקה.

בשנות העשרים של המאה ה-20, קולמן התגוררה באורלנדו אצל כומר ואשתו שלקחו אותה תחת חסותם והתייחסו אליה כבתם. באורלנדו, קולמן החלה לעבוד בחנות יופי על מנת להרוויח כסף כדי לרכוש מטוס משלה. היא רצתה להיות טייסת אזרחית ולהשתלב בטיסות מסחריות (Commercial aviation), אולם היא הייתה צעירה מידי לשם כך, והבינה כי תחילה עליה להיות טייסת פעלולים בירידים (Barnstorming). כדי להצליח בתחום זה, היה עליה להשלים קורסים נוספים ולצבור ניסיון. היא חזרה לשיקגו אך לא מצאה שם אף אחד שהסכים ללמד אותה, ולכן בשנת 1922, היא שבה לצרפת בה השלימה קורסים מתקדמים במשך חודשיים. לאחר מכן, היא נסעה להולנד כדי לפגוש את אנתוני פוקר (Anthony Fokker), ממעצבי המטוסים (אנ') הבולטים של אותה התקופה, ולאחר מכן נסעה לגרמניה לאימונים נוספים בתאגיד פוקר. לאחר מכן, קולמן שבה לארצות הברית עם הניסיון והביטחון הדרושים על מנת לפצוח בקריירת אווירובטיקה.

Бесси Колман,Бесси Колманның 125-ші туған күні

Бесси Колман,Бесси Колманның 125-ші туған күні

Бесси Колман

Бесси Колманның 125-ші туған күні

Бесси Колман родилась в многодетной семье от смешанного брака — родителей, потомков американских индейцев и афроамериканцев, в Атланте, штат Техас, а затем вместе с семьей переехала в Чикаго, штат Иллинойс. Во время первой мировой войны Бесси заинтересовалась авиацией, когда она подружилась с военными летчиками и местными авиационными техниками, которые посещали парикмахерскую, где она работала. Однако ей было отказано в приёме в летную школу, так как она была женщиной и к тому же — афроамериканкой.

Благодаря предпринятым усилиям, Колман добилась того, что ряд предпринимателей профинансировал её учебу во Франции, и после обучения она стала первой американской женщиной, получившей международную категорию пилота. Бесси Колман освоила парашютизм и управление планером. Через некоторое время, она стала исполнять на планере каскадерские трюки, благодаря чему, обрела известность во всем мире.

В 1992 году муниципалитет города Чикаго принял резолюцию и обратился с просьбой выпустить марку с изображением Бесси Колман, что и было сделано.

В 1926 г., при выполнении воздушных трюков во Флориде Бесси Колман была брошена потоком воздуха на плоскость летательного аппарата и погибла. Начиная с 1931 года, чернокожие пилоты Чикаго учредили традицию ежегодного пролета над её могилой.

В 1977 году группа афроамериканских пилотов-женщин создала Авиаклуб имени Бесси Колман.

베시 콜먼, 첫 흑인 여성 비행사 베시 콜먼 탄생 125주년

베시 콜먼, 첫 흑인 여성 비행사 베시 콜먼 탄생 125주년

베시 콜먼, 첫 흑인 여성 비행사 베시 콜먼 탄생 125주년

베시 콜먼

첫 흑인 여성 비행사 베시 콜먼 탄생 125주년

엘리자베스 베시 콜먼은 미국의 민간 비행사다. 콜먼은 첫 흑인 여성 비행사로 알려져 있다. 

출생: 1892년 1월 26일, 미국 텍사스 주 애틀랜타

사망: 1926년 4월 30일, 미국 플로리다 주 잭슨빌

학력: 랭스턴 대학 (1910년–1910년)

부모: 조지 콜맨, 수잔 콜맨

형제자매: 조지아 콜맨, 월터 콜맨, 존 콜맨

엘리자베스 베시 콜먼(Elizabeth "Bessie" Coleman, 1892년 1월 26일 ~ 1926년 4월 30일)은 미국의 민간 비행사다. 콜먼은 첫 흑인 여성 비행사로 알려져 있다.

Ed Roberts activist

Ed Roberts activist 

Ed Roberts activist 

Ed Roberts activist

Ed Roberts’ 78th Birthday

Today’s Doodle pays tribute to an early leader of the disability rights movement, Ed Roberts. After contracting polio at age 14, Roberts was paralyzed from the neck down. He was confined to a special wheelchair with a respirator during the day and slept in an 800-pound iron lung at night. Despite his limitations, he continued his studies via telephone hookup, attending in person a few hours a week. His mom, Zona, encouraged him persevere despite the odds. 

Roberts’ activism began in earnest as early as high school, when he was denied his diploma due to his inability to complete Physical Education (PE) and Driver's Ed. After petitioning, not only did he earn his diploma, he went on to college, becoming the first student with severe disabilities to attend the University of California, Berkeley. There, he led other Berkeley students with severe disabilities in creating the Physically Disabled Students’ Program, the first of its kind.

Roberts went on to earn his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in political science from Berkeley, and later returned to lead the Berkeley Center for Independent Living, which inspired many similar centers around the U.S. In 1976, Gov. Jerry Brown appointed him Director of the California Department of Vocational Rehabilitation, and in 1983 he co-founded the World Institute on Disability. 

His mother Zona describes: “I watched Ed as he grew from a sports-loving kid, through  bleak days of hopelessness, into self-acceptance of his physical limitations as he learned what was possible for him to accomplish. His years at UCB were great ones as he both enjoyed his college status and got in touch with his leadership qualities. He took great pleasure in watching people with disabilities achieve greater acceptance.”

Dzień Babci 2017 (Grandmother's Day)

Dzień Babci 2017 (Grandmother's Day)

Dzień Babci 2017 (Grandmother's Day)

Dzień Babci 2017

Grandmother's Day

In Poland, "Grandma's Day" (Polish: Dzień Babci) was created in 1964 by the Kobieta i Życie magazine, and popularized from 1965 onwards. It is celebrated on January 21. "Grandpa's Day" (Polish: Dzień Dziadka) is celebrated a day later, on January 22.

Marian McQuade of Oak Hill, West Virginia, has been recognized nationally by the United States Senate – in particular by Senators Jennings Randolph;[2] and Robert Byrd – and by President Jimmy Carter, as the founder of National Grandparents Day. McQuade made it her goal to educate the youth in the community[clarification needed] about the important contributions seniors have made throughout history. She also urged the youth to "adopt" a grandparent, not just for one day a year, but rather for a lifetime.

In 1973, Senator Jennings Randolph (D-WV) introduced a resolution to the senate to make Grandparents' Day a national holiday. West Virginia's Governor Arch Moore had proclaimed an annual Grandparents' Day for the state, at the urging of Marian McQuade. When Senator Randolph's resolution in the U.S. Senate died in committee, Marian McQuade organized supporters and began contacting governors, senators, and congressmen in all fifty states. She urged each state to proclaim their own Grandparents' Day. Within three years, she had received Grandparents' Day proclamations from forty-three states. She sent copies of the proclamations to Senator Randolph.[citation needed]

In February 1977, Senator Randolph, with the concurrence of many other senators, introduced a joint resolution to the senate requesting the president to "issue annually a proclamation designating the first Sunday of September after Labor Day of each year as 'National Grandparents' Day'." Congress passed the legislation proclaiming the first Sunday after Labor Day as National Grandparents' Day and, on August 3, 1978, then-President Jimmy Carter signed the proclamation.[3][4] The statute cites the day's purpose: "...to honor grandparents, to give grandparents an opportunity to show love for their children's children, and to help children become aware of strength, information, and guidance older people can offer".

Carrie Derick

Carrie Derick

Carrie Derick

Carrie Derick

Carrie Derick’s 155th Birthday

Carrie Matilda Derick was a Canadian botanist and geneticist, the first female professor in a Canadian university, and the founder of McGill University's Genetics Department

Born: January 14, 1862, Saint-Georges-de-Clarenceville, Quebec

Died: November 10, 1941, Montreal

Books: Notes on the Development of the Holdfasts of Certain Florideae

Education: McGill University, University of Bonn

Carrie Matilda Derick (January 14, 1862 – November 10, 1941) was a Canadian botanist and geneticist, the first female professor in a Canadian university, and the founder of McGill University's Genetics Department.

Born in Clarenceville, Quebec on January 14, Carrie was educated at the Clarenceville Academy and received her teacher training at the McGill Normal School before becoming a school teacher in Clarenceville and Montreal. In 1890, she received a B.A. from McGill University, graduating at the top of her class in natural science with first-class honours.[3] (Included in that class were two other notable Canadian women: Elizabeth Binmore and Maude Abbott.) She began teaching at the Trafalgar Institute for Girls in 1890 while also working part-time as McGill's first female botany "demonstrator."

In 1891, Derick began her master's program at McGill under David Penhallow and received her M.A. in botany in 1896. She attended the University of Bonn in 1901 and completed the research required for a Ph.D. but was not awarded an official doctorate since the University did not give women Ph.D. degrees. She then returned to McGill and "continued to work, teach, and administer" in the botany department. In 1905, "after seven years of lecturing, assisting Penhallow with his classes, researching and publishing, without any pay increments or offers of promotion, Derick wrote directly to Principal Peterson and was promoted to assistant professor" at one-third the salary of her male counterparts. Derick was only officially appointed as professor of comparative morphology and genetics by McGill in 1912 after three years of running the department following Penhallow's death. She was the first woman both at McGill and in Canada to achieve university professorship. She retired in 1929.

Derick also studied at Harvard University for three summers, the Royal College of Science, London in 1898, and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts for seven summers, and was a leader in early feminism: fighting for women's right to education, the vote, and work. Derick was a member of the Mu Iota Society, a group whose name was later changed to The Alumnae Society. She was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, vice president of the Natural History Society of Montréal, and a member of the Botanical Society of America, the American Genetics Association, the Montreal Philosophical Club, the Canadian Public Health Association, the Executive Committee of the National Council of Education, and the first woman on the Protestant Committee of Public Instruction, Quebec, from 1920 to 1937. Derick was also president of the Montreal Suffrage Association from 1913 to 1919 and, in 1914, supported Annie Langstaff, the first woman to graduate in law at McGill, in her unsuccessful bid to be admitted to the bar in Quebec. Along with Maude Abbott, McGill’s pioneer cardiologist and curator of the Medical Museum, Derick founded and was a lifelong member of the National Council of Women.

Derick died on November 10, 1941 in Montreal, Quebec. A street is named after her in Montreal's Southwest borough.

Read more:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie_Derick

Until modern times, few women were recognized in the world of academia. Carrie Derick, a Canadian botanist and geneticist, upended that norm. Born 155 years ago today, Derick was a trailblazer who fought for women’s rights and helped pave the way for women in education.

In 1890, Derick graduated at the top of her class from Quebec’s McGill University where she would remain for her MA studies. She went on to attend the University of Bonn in Germany, where she completed enough research to earn a Ph.D in 1901. Unfortunately, she did not receive an official doctorate because the school did not award Ph.Ds to women at the time.

Derick persevered, continuing in her career as a botanist and geneticist and in 1912, became Canada’s first female professor at her alma mater, McGill University. She continued to teach there until her retirement in 1929, upon which she was made the first female professor emeritus in Canada.

Throughout her life, Derrick was an advocate for women’s rights and causes, serving as president of the Montréal Suffrage Association from 1913 to 1919.

Today’s Doodle honors Derick, a true pioneer and visionary.

Flora Nwapa,Flora Nwapa’s 86th Birthday

Flora Nwapa,Flora Nwapa’s 86th Birthday

Flora Nwapa,Flora Nwapa’s 86th Birthday

Flora Nwapa,Flora Nwapa’s 86th Birthday

Florence Nwanzuruahu Nkiru Nwapa was a Nigerian author best known as Flora Nwapa, who has been called the mother of modern African literature.

Born: 13 January 1931, Oguta

Died: 16 October 1993, Enugu

Education: University of Ibadan, University of Edinburgh

Florence Nwanzuruahu Nkiru Nwapa (13 January 1931 – 16 October 1993) was a Nigerian author best known as Flora Nwapa, who has been called the mother of modern African literature. The forerunner to a generation of African women writers, she is acknowledged as the first African woman novelist to be published in the English language in Britain and achieve international recognition, with her first novel Efuru being published in 1966 by Heinemann Educational Books. While never considering herself a feminist, she is best known for recreating life and traditions from an Igbo woman's viewpoint.

Nwapa also is known for her governmental work in reconstruction after the Biafran War. In particular she worked with orphans and refugees who were displaced during the war. Further she worked as a publisher of African literature and promoted women in African society. She was one of the first African women publishers when she founded Tana Press in the 1970s.

Nwapa's first book, Efuru, was published in 1966, a pioneering work as an English-language novel by an African woman writer It was followed by the novels Idu (1967), Never Again (1975), One is Enough (1981) and Women Are Different (1986). She published two collections of stories — This Is Lagos (1971) and Wives at War (1980) — and the volume of poems Cassava Song and Rice Song (1986). She was also the author of several books for children.

In the 1974 she founded Tana Press and in 1977 the Flora Nwapa Company, publishing her own adult and children's literature as well as work by other writers. She gave as one of objectives: "to inform and educate women all over the world, especially Feminists (both with capital F and small f) about the role of women in Nigeria, their economic independence, their relationship with their husbands and children, their traditional beliefs and their status in the community as a whole". Tana has been described as "the first press run by a woman and targeted at a largely female audience. A project far beyond its time at a period when no one saw African women as constituting a community of readers or a book-buying demographic."

サンドフォード フレミング 標準時,サンドフォード フレミング 生誕 190周年

サンドフォード フレミング 標準時,サンドフォード フレミング 生誕 190周年

サンドフォード フレミング 標準時,サンドフォード フレミング 生誕 190周年

サンドフォード フレミング 標準時

サンドフォード フレミング 生誕 190周年

サンドフォード フレミング1827年1月7日生まれのカナダ人のエンジニアで発明家です。 イギリスのスコットランドで生まれましたが、18歳になった1845年にカナダに移り住み、カナダの鉄道の普及に大きく貢献しました。その後、カナダとオーストラリアを結ぶ非常に長いケーブルを敷いたことでも有名です。 サンドフォード・フレミングはどのような一生を送ったのでしょうか？ 本記事ではサンドフォード・フレミングの生涯とカナダへの貢献をわかりやすく解説しました。 知る人ぞ知る偉人について、これを機に学んでいただけたらと思います。 サンドフォード フレミング1841年の14歳の時に測量士として生きることを決め、1985年の14歳の時には兄のデイビット・フレミングと一緒にイギリスのスコットランドからカナダに移住をしました。 カナダで測量士としての力をメキメキとつけたサンドフォード・フレミングは1851年11月4日にロイヤルカナディアン研究所（Royal Canadian Institute）を設立しました。 ロイヤルカナディアン研究所は測量技術者のための研究機関として作られたのですが、その後により一般の人も参加できる研究機関となりました。 そこで名を挙げたサンドフォード・フレミングはカナダで一番最初の郵便切手（スリーペニービーバーと言われています。Threepenny Beaver.）をデザインしました。 切手をデザインしていた同時期に、カナダのグランドトランク鉄道（後のカナダの国有鉄道カナディアンナショナル鉄道に買収される）に雇われて、仕事ぶりが非常に評価されたサンドフォード・フレミングは1855年にカナダ北部鉄道（Canadian Northern Railroad）のチーフエンジニアとしての地位を確立させます。 そこで初めて橋を木で作るのではなく鉄で作ることを提唱し、カナダの鉄道事情に大きく貢献します。 ちなみに同時期にフレミングはアン・ジェーン・ホールと結婚しました。フレミングとジェーンは生涯で9人もの子宝に恵まれます。 測量士として乗りに乗っているサンドフォード・フレミングでしたが、その後徴兵されてしまい、1865年まで民兵として働くことを余儀なくされてしまいます。

Sandford Fleming,Sandford Fleming’s 190th Birthday

Sandford Fleming,Sandford Fleming’s 190th Birthday

Sandford Fleming,Sandford Fleming’s 190th Birthday

Sandford Fleming

Sandford Fleming’s 190th Birthday

Sir Sandford Fleming, KCMG was a Canadian engineer and inventor. Born and raised in Scotland, he emigrated to colonial Canada at the age of 18. Born: January 7, 1827, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom Died: July 22, 1915, Halifax, Canada Books: Time-reckoning for the Twentieth Century, England and Canada, Our Atlantic Steamship Service: (second Article) Organization founded: Royal Canadian Institute In 1827, Fleming was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland to Andrew and Elizabeth Fleming. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed as a surveyor and in 1845, at the age of 18, he emigrated with his older brother David to colonial Canada. Their route took them through many cities of the Canadian colonies: Quebec City, Montreal, and Kingston, before settling in Peterborough with their cousins two years later in 1847. He qualified as a surveyor in Canada in 1849. In 1849 he created the Royal Canadian Institute with several friends, which was formally incorporated on November 4, 1851. Although initially intended as a professional institute for surveyors and engineers it became a more general scientific society. In 1851 he designed the Threepenny Beaver, the first Canadian postage stamp. Throughout this time he was fully employed as a surveyor, mostly for the Grand Trunk Railway. His work for them eventually gained him the position as Chief Engineer of the Northern Railway of Canada in 1855, where he advocated the construction of iron bridges instead of wood for safety reasons. Fleming served in the 10th Battalion Volunteer Rifles of Canada (later known as the Royal Regiment of Canada) and was appointed to the rank of Captain on January 1, 1862. He retired from the militia in 1865. His time at the Northern Railway was marked by conflict with the architect Frederick William Cumberland, with whom he started the Canadian Institute and who was general manager of the railway until 1855. Starting as assistant engineer in 1852, Fleming replaced Cumberland in 1855 but was in turn ousted by him in 1862. In 1863 he became the chief government surveyor of Nova Scotia charged with the construction of a line from Truro to Pictou. When he would not accept the tenders from contractors that he considered too high, he was asked to bid for the work himself and completed the line by 1867 with great savings to the government and at profit to himself. Sandford Fleming (in tallest hat) at the ceremony of the "last spike" being driven on the Canadian Pacific Railway In 1862 he placed before the government a plan for a transcontinental railway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The first part, between Halifax and Quebec became an important part of the preconditions for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to join the Canadian Federation because of the uncertainties of travel through Maine because of the American Civil War. In 1867 he was appointed engineer-in-chief of the Intercolonial Railway which became a federal project and he continued in this post till 1876. His insistence on building the bridges of iron and stone instead of wood was controversial at the time, but was soon vindicated by their resistance to fire. By 1871, the strategy of a railway connection was being used to bring British Columbia into federation and Fleming was offered the chief engineer post on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Although he hesitated because of the amount of work he had, in 1872 he set off with a small party to survey the route, particularly through the Rocky Mountains, finding a practicable route through the Yellowhead Pass. One of his companions, George Monro Grant wrote an account of the trip, which became a best-seller.[6] By 1880, with 600 miles completed, a change of government brought a desire for a private company to own the whole project and Fleming was dismissed by Sir Charles Tupper, with a $30,000 payoff. It was the hardest blow of Fleming's life, though he obtained a promise of monopoly, later revoked, on his next project, a trans-pacific telegraph cable.[5] Nevertheless, in 1884 he became a director of the Canadian Pacific Railway and was present as the last spike was driven.

7 қаңтар мерекесі Google баршаңызды қысқы мейрамдармен құттықтайды!

7 қаңтар мерекесі  Google баршаңызды қысқы мейрамдармен құттықтайды!

7 қаңтар мерекесі  Google баршаңызды қысқы мейрамдармен құттықтайды!

7 қаңтар мерекесі

Google баршаңызды қысқы мейрамдармен құттықтайды!

АСТАНА. 7 қаңтар. ҚазАқпарат - ҚазАқпарат оқырмандарына 2013 жылғы  7 қаңтарға арналған күнтізбесін ұсынады. 7 қаңтар  ДҮЙСЕНБІ Христостың туған күні - Рождество мерекесі. ЕСТЕ ҚАЛАР ОҚИҒАЛАР 21 жыл бұрын (1992) «Қазақстан Республикасындағы ғылым және мемлекеттік ғылыми-техникалық саясат туралы» Заң жарық көрді. 21 жыл бұрын (1992) Француз Республикасы Қазақстан Республикасының тәуелсіздігін мойындады. 14 жыл бұрын (1999) Астанада «Елорда» баспасы ашылды. 10 жыл бұрын (2003) Қазақстан Республикасының «Электрондық құжат және электрондық сандық қол қою туралы» Заңы жарық көрді. 7 жыл бұрын (2006) Қазақстан Республикасы Парламенті палаталары «Қазақстан Республикасының мемлекеттік нышандары туралы» Қазақстан Республикасы Президентінің Конституциялық заң күші бар Жарлығына өзгерістер енгізу туралы» Қазақстан Республикасы Конституциялық Заңының жобасын мақұлдады. Ол бойынша Жұмекен Нәжімеденов пен Нұрсұлтан Назарбаевтың сөзіне жазылған Шәмші Қалдаяқовтың «Менің Қазақстаным» әні әнұран болып бекітілді. 109 жыл бұрын (1904) Маркони компаниясы «SQD» көмекке шақыру радио дабылын орнатты. Екі жылдан кейін  мағынасы белгісіз сөзді SOS-қа алмастырды. 99 жыл бұрын (1914) Панама арнасы арқылы алғашқы кеме жүзіп өтті. Тынық мұхит пен Атлант мұхитын жалғап тұрған ұзындығы 81 шақырымдық бұл арна әлемдік транзитте ерекше орын алады. 21 жыл бұрын (1992) Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттiк қоймасына асыл металлдардың бiрiншi партиясы - «төрт тоғыздық» және 2 күмiстік сапасымен 5 алтын кесек қабылданды. Мемлекеттік құндылықтар қоймасының тарихы 1991 жылғы тамыздың 31-інде Елбасы Н.Назарбаевтың «Қазақ ССР алтын валюталы және алмас қордың жасау туралы» Жарлығынан бастау алады. ЕСІМДЕР 110 жыл бұрын (1903-1971) техника ғылымының докторы, профессор, Қазақ КСР Ғылым академиясының академигі ГРУЗИНОВ Владимир Константинович дүниеге келді. Ресейде туған. Сібір технология институтын бітірген. 1946-1962 жылдары - Орал политехникалық институтының доценті, профессоры, кафедра меңгерушісі. 1963-1965 жылдары - Орталық қара металлургия ғылыми-зерттеу институтының Қазақ филиалы директорының орынбасары. 1965-1966 жылдары - Қарағанды политехникалық институтының кафедра меңгерушісі. 1966-1971 жылдары Қазақ КСР Ғылым академиясының Химия-металлургия институты директорының ғылыми жұмыстар жөніндегі орынбасары болған. Ғалымның негізгі ғылыми еңбектері металлургияда өндіріс үдерістерін механикаландыру және автоматтандыру мәселелеріне арналған. Ол домна цехтарын механикалық жабдықтау жөніндегі конструкциялық зерттеулерін тұжырымдаған. Шихтаны домна пешіне арнаулы бағдарлама бойынша тиеу арқылы шойын балқыту үдерісін автоматты түрде басқару теориясын ұсынған. Қазақстанда қара металлургия өнеркәсібінің шикізат қорын ұлғайту жөнінде зерттеулер жүргізген. 10 авторлық куәлігі бар. «Құрмет белгісі» орденімен, медальдармен марапатталған.  94 жыл бұрын (1919-1945) Кеңес Одағының Батыры МИХЕЕВ Григорий Яковлевич дүниеге келді. Петропавл қаласында туған. Краснодар қаласындағы (Ресей) әскери авиациялық училищені бітірген. 1941 жылы ұшқыш-штурман Михеев Мәскеу маңының аспанын қорғаған. 1942 жылдан 1-ші Әуе армиясының құрамында болып, 114 әуе сапарын орындаған. Петропавл қаласындағы бір көше Михеев есімімен аталады. «Ленин», «Қызыл Жұлдыз», 1-2-ші дәрежелі «Отан соғысы», «Қызыл Ту» ордендерімен және медальдармен марапатталған. 74 жыл бұрын (1939-2000) химия ғылымының кандидаты, профессор, Қазақстан Республикасы Инженерлік академиясының корреспондент мүшесі, Халықаралық шығармашылық академиясының академигі ШАЯХМЕТОВ Шайсұлтан  дүниеге келді. Қостанай облысында туған. М.Ломоносов атындағы Мәскеу мемлекеттік университетін, КСРО Ғылым академиясы элементтік-органикалық қосылыстар институтының аспирантурасын бітірген. 1987-1993 жылдары - Қазақ КСР Жоғары және орта арнайы білім министрі, Қазақстан Республикасы Халыққа білім беру министрі. 1997-1998 жылдары - Қостанай облысы әкімінің орынбасары, Л.Гумилев атындағы Еуразия университетінің профессоры, мемлекеттік және басқа да тілдерді оқыту орталығының директоры. 1998-2000 жылдары Қазақстан Республикасы Ақпарат және қоғамдық келісім министрлігі жанындағы республикалық орталықтың директоры, «Мемлекеттік тіл» қоғамдық қорының президенті қызметтерін атқарған. Республикалық самбо және қазақша күрес бойынша федерациясының президенті болып сайланған.

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حسين بيكار(Hussein Amin Bicar)

حسين بيكار(Hussein Amin Bicar)

حسين بيكار(Hussein Amin Bicar) 

حسين بيكار(Hussein Amin Bicar)

لذكرى الـ104 لميلاد حسين بيكار

حسين أمين بيكار هو فنان تشكيلي مصري من أصل قبرصي تركي. فنان تشكيلي متميز ينتمي إلى الجيل الثاني من الفنانين المصريين. الميلاد: ٢ يناير، ١٩١٣، الإسكندرية، مصر الوفاة: نوفمبر ٢٠٠٢، القاهرة، مصر الكتب: رسم بالكلمات، صور ناطقة حسين أمين بيكار (2 يناير عام 1913 - 16 نوفمبر 2002) هو فنان تشكيلي مصري من أصل قبرصي تركي. فنان تشكيلي متميز ينتمي إلى الجيل الثاني من الفنانين المصريين. وهو صاحب بصيرة نافذة، وذوق رفيع، أحب الموسيقي منذ نعومة أظافره، كما كتب رباعيات وخماسيات زجلية تمتلئ حكمة وبلاغة، ظل معطاء طوال حياته، ومعلما للكثير من الأجيال. وهو صاحب مدرسة للفن الصحفي وصحافة الأطفال بصفة خاصة، بل هو رائدها الأول في مصر. له أسلوب بسيط واضح ارتفع بمستوى الرسم الصحفي ليقترب من العمل الفني، أما لوحاته الزيتية فتتميز بمستواها الرفيع في التكوين والتلوين وقوة التعبير، فهو فنان مرهف حساس ،وناقد فني شاعري الأسلوب. ولد حسين أمين بيكار في 2 يناير عام 1913 بحي الأنفوشي بالإسكندرية، التحق بكلية الفنون الجميلة عام 1928، وكانت وقتها تسمى مدرسة الفنون العليا وكان عمره آنذاك 15 عامًا، ليكون من أوائل الطلبة المصريين الذين التحقوا بها. درس في البدايات على أيدي الأساتذة الأجانب حتى عام 1930، ثم على يد يوسف كامل وأحمد صبري. عقب التخرج عمل في تأسيس متحف الشمع، وانجاز بعض الأعمال في ديكور المعرض الزراعي. انتقل بيكار بعد ذلك إلى المغرب حيث قضى ثلاث سنوات مدرسا للرسم وهي مرحلة هامة في تكوين، حيث رسم بيكار أول رسومه التوضيحية هناك عندما وضع مدرس اللغة الإسبانية كتابا لتعليم اللغة للتلاميذ، طلب من بيكار مدرس الرسم آنذاك أن يترجم الكلمات إلى صور. عاد بيكار إلى القاهرة عام 1942، وعمل معاونا لأستاذه وصديقه الفنان أحمد صبري، وتولى رئاسة القسم الحر خلفا لصبري الذي انتقل لرئاسة قسم التصوير، وسرعان ما تولى بيكار رئاسة هذا القسم بعد إحالة صبري للتقاعد. بيكار في طفولته في طفولته تفتحت عيناه على بيت بسيط عار من الأثاث تقريبا مع جدران جرداء خلت من أى لوحات أو صور أو حتى ألوان.كان والده رجلا مسنا يعمل أمينا لمخازن السلطان عبد الحميد. والدته سيدة بسيطة من أصل تركي دؤبة على أشغال الأبرة وكانت ترسم بالقلم الرصاص وردة أو فراشة وعندما يراها تفعل ذلك يشعر بالدهشة إذ كيف تتحقق هذه الأشياء على مفرش تطريز وكان ينظر إلى هذا العمل باعتباره عملا ساحراً. ومثل أى طفل من أسرة بسيطة حريصة على تعليم إبنها التحق بالمدرسة الأولية وكانت أول مدرسة في شارع "أبو وردة " والتعليم مجانى ومع المجانية تصرف المدرسة زوجا جديداً من الأحذية سنوياً لكل تلميذ لمقاومة الحفاءالذي كان سائداً في مصر في ذلك الوقت. في نفس الوقت كان في بيت الأسرة عود اشتراه والده حتى تتعلم أخته الموسيقى.. هي فشلت لكن هو "حسين "شغف بالموسيقى وبدأ يعلم نفسه بنفسه حتى أصبح ظاهرة الحى كله يعزف على العود ويغنى الأغانى الخفيفة والطقاطيق الصغيرة... وفى يوم من الأيام عرضت عليه إحدى الجارات أن يعلمها الموسيفى نظير ريال في الشهر.. وكان أول ريال تقاضاه منها ثمن علبة ألوان زيت اشتراها وبدأت أولى محاولاته الناجحة في رسم اللوحات وكانت منقولة من كارت بوستال لمناظر من سويسرا ..بيوت مائلة ويحيرات تنعكس عليها الزهور والأشجار. وعندما حصل بيكار على الشهادة الإبتدائية هاجر مع والدته وأخته إلى القاهرة ليلتحق بمدرسة الفنون الجميلة العليا وكان والده قد توفى قبل ذلك بفترة . بيكار يعزف العود بريشة أستاذه أحمد صبري عام 1934 وفى مدرسة الفنون الجميلة بدأ يدرس الرسم على أيدى أساتذة أجانب ودرس الرسم بالزيت تحت رعاية أستاذه أحمد صبرى رائد فن البورتريه وتوطدت العلاقة بينهما لاكتشاف صبرى ميل بيكارلفن البوتريه..وزاد من تأكدها حبه للموسيقى والغناء الشرقى القديم .ومرت الأعوام ليصبح بيكار مساعداَ لمعلمه في تدريس التصوير بمدرسة الفنون الجميلة ,وكان بيكار يترددعليه في بيته بميدان الحسينية وقد شرع أحمد صبرى في رسم بورتريه له في 10 جلسات مع العود الذي اشتراه خصيصاً لذلك.. ومن عادة الموديل أن يظل ساكنا أثناء الرسم.. لكن معه كانت العملية أكثر بساطة.. يقول بيكار :كنت أغنى له وأغنى معه.. ولكن معه نقتسم سويا أدوار محمد عثمان وعبده الحامولى ومنيرة المهدية وكامل الخلعى.وكنت موديلا وتلميذاً يتحدث إلىَ في كيفية بناء الصورة من الألف إلى الياء.كيف يبدأ ومن أين ينتهى وأحياناً كان يشطب كل ما أنجزه.يهدمه ليبدأ من جديد وهنا تعلمت منه فقه التصوير وكيف يكون فن البورتريه. بعد تخرجه عام 1933 بدأ بيكار نشاطه الموسيفى فقد تعرف على موظف شاب وعازف قانون..وكان له زميل آخر بنفس الإدارة عازف كمان هو عبد الرحيم محمد "والد الدكتور جمال عبد الرحيم عميد الكونسيرفتوار سابقا" وانضم إليهم الدكتور إبراهيم زكى خورشيد وكونوا فرقة موسيقية. وبدأ بيكار يظهر نشاطه في الحفلات كعازف عود ومغنى أدوار ويقوم بتحفيظه الأدوار القديمة إبراهيم عثمان شقيق عزيز عثمان.وكانت بعض هذه الأعمال تذاع على محطة إذاعة محلية كانت تسمى "سابو" وكان بقف على المسرح مع كبار مطربى هذا الزمان صالح عبد الحى وزكريا أحمد وعبده السروجى